Pro-Life Essay examples - 1047 Words

Pro-Life English I 1 Abortion, when the topic comes up, it is usually something people do not like to discuss. People may tend to avoid this issue for fear of offending or angering others but it is extremely important that the horrors of this brutal practice be addressed. During the years 1965-1996 over 515 million babies have been murdered, this is if you add the number of chemical and surgical abortions (www.rockforlife.org). This is what we need to understand: abortion kills and we need to know where it came from. The legalization of abortion started in Mississippi in the year 1966; it was used in the cases of rape. Then other states began to expand the use of abortion. For instance, if it was the case of rape,†¦show more content†¦One way is called Partial Birth Abortion (Damp;X); it can kill babies up to thirty-two weeks old. The abortionist (murderer in this case) removes all of the baby from the mother except for the head, he then jab a pair of scissors in the back of the babies skull and then he uses a suction hose to suck out the babies brain. Then he uses forceps to crush the babies’ skull and pull the rest of the babies’ body out. Salt poisoning is also used, where salt is injected and the bay dies of convulsions due to salt poisoning (www.rockforlife.org). If they can say this is not murder, then what is? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Abortion is not painless for the mother either. Over ninety-seven percent of women have reported feeling pain it is often described as intense, severe, or very severe. Abortion is also not without side effects. Complications such as bleeding, hemorrhaging, menstrual disturbances or inflammation of the reproductive organs. Sometimes abortion can cause damage to the uterus and make the woman infertile for the rest of her life. (Abortion some medical facts pamphlet.) Also if you are a women and have had an abortion you increase your chances of having breast cancer by fifty percent. Abortion has no good results in for the mother or the poor murdered baby. In the end it will always cause physical and emotional pain. What do religious beliefs have to do with abortion? They have everything to do withShow MoreRelatedPro Choice And Pro Life1361 Words   |  6 Pagesis; â€Å"The termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to being capable of normal growth†. Abortion is one of the most controversial topics today. Although there are two sides of the debate pro-choice and pro life, arguments are mainly centered around the Roe v. Wade decision, women’s rights and state restrictive laws. Women faced many difficulties before Roe V. Wade case. After the case the court made abortions available to women in the United StatesRead MoreThe Modern Pro Life : A Normative Critique1615 Words   |  7 PagesTruly Life? The Modern Pro Life : A Normative Critique. The United States pro-life movement is a social and political movement in the United States opposing on moral or sectarian grounds elective abortion and usually supporting its legal prohibition or restriction. Advocates generally argue that human life begins at conception and that the human fetus is a person and therefore has a right to life. The pro-life movement includes a variety of organizations, with no single centralized decision-makingRead MoreAbortion, Pro Choice, And Pro Life1503 Words   |  7 Pageswhether or not abortion is immoral continue to divide America into two groups: â€Å"Pro-choice† and â€Å"Pro-life†. However, pro-life advocates tend to focus more on the fetus rather than how abortion and programs have actually benefited the mother and families. There is hypocrisy in people who identify themselves as â€Å"pro-life† and the word itself can be misleading as it does not align with the true values of protecting a life. Over the years, technology has changed the way medical procedure performs andRead MoreThe Violence Of Pro Life Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe extremists of pro-life are exceedingly adamant on persuading women to not abort the fetuses. These extremists invade women’s privacies and undermined women’s freedoms on decisions making. The pro-life advocates are simply third parties who claims that they are trying to save lives; however, their earnest intentions cannot outweigh the consequences that sometimes comes with keeping the fetus. For example, a sixteen year old female became impregnated by her seventeenth year old boyfriend. Her family’sRead MoreEssay on The Right to Life: Pro-Life 863 Words   |  4 PagesOpinions, views and emotions run high and passion is their fuel. Pro-Choice activists declare it is a woman’s right to choose what she does with her own body. The biology versus medical definitions proclaim that an embryo is not yet a human life; as conception begins two to three weeks after implantation occurs, a heartbeat is heard, and a the embryo can sustain life outside of the womb. The laws vary from state to state and in our home state of Texas political parties clash so hard the state shakesRead MorePro Life And Pro Choice Essay1772 Words   |  8 PagesAs a result of the change in traditionalistic views, the power the doctors held for a long time was taken by women, and abortion simultaneously became not an issue of health, but one questioning morality as well as a woman’s right to choose: pro-life and pro-choice. In America, abortion policy has transitioned from an issue of health and morality to one of women’s rights over time due to the power shifting from doctors to women as a result of modernization and the change in how Americans saw religion;Read MoreThe Debate Between Pro Life And Pro Choice868 Words   |  4 PagesWith recent developments in Northern Irish legislation for ‘on demand ab ortions’, the debate between pro-life and pro-choice has been thrown back into the media and the morality of abortion scrutinized under the eye of third wave feminism, which has reclaimed the 1970’s slogan of ‘The Right to Choose’. The following essay intends to discuss how abortion is always an option and never a morally wrong act, as it is the mother’s choice to do with her body what she wishes and such the fetus has no rightRead MorePro Life And Pro Choice Essay2005 Words   |  9 Pagesmedical stance. As a result of the change from traditional views to more contemporary ones, the power the doctors held was taken by women, and abortion simultaneously became not an issue of health, but one regarding a woman’s right to choose: pro-life and pro-choice. In America, abortion policy has transitioned from an issue of health and morality to one of women’s rights over time due to the power shifting from doctors to women as a result of mode rnization and the change in how Americans saw religion;Read MoreAbortion: Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the day you are born, learning and education are the most important skills for survival in todays society. The most valuable thing learned on your journey of life is the ability to distinguish Right from Wrong, both technically and morally. Though easy at first with the minor day to day issues we deal with, it can become quite difficult when more pressing issues are placed in front of you. Many things influence a persons judgment. While one person believes that their view is the absoluteRead MoreAbortion And Birth Control : Pro Choice And Pro Life Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent conclusions. Through the duration of this paper, the two opposing groups will be defined as Pro-Choice and Pro-Life. Groups on both sides of the argument have historically used the same base topics, such as women’s health and personal liberty, to bolster the ir opposing arguments, which further convolutes the issue. A common idea that consistently appears in both Pro-Choice and Pro-Life arguments is the topic of protecting the woman’s health. In Roe v. Wade, 1973, the author points out that

My Group Members And I Recorded Ourselves Speaking

In this assignment, I plan to analyse my communication skills. My group members and I recorded ourselves speaking. I plan to do this by applying theory to practice in reviewing this 10 minute video, I have recorded this video with P in accordance with the university confidentiality policies. I will seek to define and outline the meaning of communication, the differences between types of communication, analysis of the skills used while communicating and conclude. Communication is an activity we partake in everyday, but to effectively communicate in health care settings with service users we must understand how to communicate effectively with this group of people. Service users are a diverse group of people so a one size fits all†¦show more content†¦Client centred counselling is the believe that the client can solve their own problems, and it is best practice (Spence Smale, 2015). Carl Rogers believed it is very tempting as counsellors to believe we know it all and are here to solve the client’s problems but a better approach would be allow clients look inwardly (Burnard 1992). I took the client centred approach while working with P, this approach is in line with NHS values While I was talking to P I listened to her talk and she made suggestions on how she might overcome her challenges rather than giving her suggestions. Carl Rogers believes that for there to be an engagement with the client which would bring about person ality change: The counsellor should have a therapeutic relationship with the client, I asked personal questions such as her name, about her childhood, her personal preferences, beliefs and choices. I wanted to know her at a personal level; the client must be willing to admit having issues, and also the desire to deal with those issues. The therapist must understand his or her boundaries in this relationship, I therefore avoided difficult questions as we had been asked not to do so. This demonstrated I understood my boundaries both personally and professionally (Roger, 1956). The therapist must not be judgemental. I demonstrated this by respecting her

Francisco Pacheco Example For Students

Francisco Pacheco Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in Painting3 Main Works of Art of Pacheco3.1 Arte de la Pintura3.2 The Last Judgment3.3 Martyrs of Granada Biography To begin with, Francisco Pacheco is considered to be one of the most prolific Spanish artists. At present, his works of art enjoy a great popularity among the representatives of Spanish culture. What is more, his artistic legacy that includes a significant number of amazing artworks is appreciated across the whole globe. First of all, it is a common knowledge that Francisco Pacheco was born in Sanlucar de Barrameda in the Spanish province of Cadiz in 1564. In 1580, Pacheco was forced to leave his hometown and move to Seville where his uncle lived. The interesting thing that should be mentioned is the fact that his uncle was a monk in the Cathedral. In accordance with the biography of Francisco Pacheco, he worked as the apprentice for Luis Fernà ¡ndez, who was not a significantly known artist. During his apprenticeship, Pacheco attempted to copy the artworks of the gifted Italian Renaissance masters. In 1611, Francisco Pacheco got an opportunity to visit Madrid and Toledo. During this trip, the artist studied the works of art of El Greco who is known as Domà ©nikos Theotokà ³poulo, a well-known master of Spanish painting. When Pacheco got such a significant experience, he managed to open his art academy in Seville. The last but not least thing that should be mentioned is the fact that his artistic legacy was highly influenced by the events that took place in Spain during that time. All these events were caused by the Inquisition that also took place in the artist’s hometown. Francisco Pacheco passed away in 1644. Key Ideas in Painting As it was mentioned above, Francisco Pacheco was a famous censor of the Inquisition in Seville. This is the main reason why the major part of his artworks has a religious nature. Apart from that, this prolific painter was known for his humanistic values. As a result, Pacheco was considerably famous among the various circles of the poets. Regarding his works of art, Pacheco’s style is regarded as the Mannerism. However, the majority of the researchers claims that a number of his paintings includes some elements of the Italian art. In turn, the others state that a lot of elements of the Flemish art can be found in the works of this painter. Main Works of Art of Pacheco Francisco Pacheco was not only a gifted painter but also a great theorist that published some materials related to the area of art. Such publications include some theoretical issues as well as the articles relative to the history of the art. A list of the artist’s major works includes Arte de la Pintura or ‘Art of Painting’, ‘The Last Judgment’, and ‘Martyrs of Granada’. Arte de la Pintura One of the most famous writings is Arte de la Pintura that was edited by Simon Fajardo and introduced to the society in 1649 after the death of the original artist. Generally speaking, Arte de la Pintura consists of three books. While the first two books are focused on the theoretical points, the third publication is related to the particular technical aspects of art. At present, this book is considered to be one of the best collections of the Spanish Baroque Art. The Last Judgment First of all, The Last Judgment is considered to be one of the key drawings of this famous Spanish artist. It was introduced to the society in 1614. Martyrs of Granada Martyrs of Granada is another famous painting that contributed to such a great popularity of this Spanish artist. This painting is the imitative and rigid work of art that is known for the majority of art lovers.

Intelligence And Society Essays - Intelligence, Psychometrics

Intelligence And Society Intelligence In society, people base their life on intelligence. They do everything possible to get ahead in life. To get ahead, they cheat each other, back stab, and commit many sinful acts. Also, they educate themselves so they are capable of doing whatever is required of them. Society is trying to always make themselves smarter. Are they trying to change something that they have no control over though? Intelligence is something that everybody has, but is something that is developed over time. The development of intelligence has many items that play a factor. For instance, environment and heredity both play a role in developing a person's I.Q. Each of us are born with intelligence (Lawler 15). With ones intelligence, one finds outside issues exist in playing a role in their I.Q. For instance, the moment a baby is born factors are affecting that childs I.Q. The baby does not have control over these factors, but they still take an affect. The factors can range from the babys birth weight to the order in which the child was born. Loehlin, Lindzey, and Spuhler state that a child with low-birth weight tend to have a lower I.Q.(212). This is true because it is believed that if the childs birth weight is low then the child must be slower at developing. Since a child is slow at developing, he will therefore have a lower I.Q. On the other end, If you come from a large family, your I.Q. may go hand in hand with the position you were born. If you are the youngest your intelligence tends to be higher than the first born(Pinter 530). After the issues that one cant control take effect, one needs to concentrate on his parental role in developing a childs intelligence. Parental education has no effect on a child until the ages of 2-5 (Lewis 107). When a child reaches this age point, the parents play a large role in the development of his intelligence. For instance, a child that comes from an environment that is uncaring, unlovable, and abusive tends to score lower on an I.Q. test. Put that same child into a different situation, by either adoption or foster care, or just a change of parental support, and that child performance increases. I.Q. could be based on a range of environments, or lowered by lack of positive environmental feedback (Loehlin, Lindzey, and Spuhler 103). Without positive feedback a child gives up. He gives up because he feels like he is a failure at what he is doing. While the main focus on a childs intelligence comes from the home, other influences also play a role. Pinter stated By environmental influences we way mean very specific and narrow changes or else those factors of home and school (94). At school, children learn reading, writing, and arithmetic. In addition to classes, school offers a good place to fellowship with others. During the fellowship, one is able to gain knowledge from other people. That fellowship though isnt always a good thing. For example, suppose that everything the child hears throughout the day is not true. Then, that child becomes ignorant to the truth. All this happens because the child is bombarded with false information throughout the day. At some time the child will start believing that everything he hears is true. With children balancing out each others intelligence in conversation, the need for it to be built up increases. Children who get special attention tend to have higher I.Q. (Loehlin, Lindzey, and Spuhler 112). This is where a childs teacher plays a role in developing his intelligence. A teacher has the opportunity to work and train a student by giving help [causing him to] be smarter (Loehlin, Lindzey, and Spuhler 112). If teachers do not interact with their students, how can one expect the students to gain anything; by teachers helping, it shows love. That love closely relates to the parents role in child development. In addition, the child is with the teacher for the majority of the day. How the teacher and the child interact is a decisive factor in that childs intelligence. In addition to the teachers nature, the classes the teacher teaches takes a part in developing intelligence. Throughout

The cherry orchard essays

The cherry orchard essays The Cherry Orchard is Chekhov's last play, written in 1903 and 1904 during the last year of his life when he was dying of tuberculosis. He is the father of modern drama theater and also the greatest dramatist after Shakespeare. The Cherry Orchard was initially produced by the Moscow Art Theatre on January 17, 1904 in the time that Russia governed by Tsar Nicolas II. Most of people know that The Cherry Orchard represent Russia Country and also try to represent the life of Russians people in different classes. It indicate to a social condition of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, when the aristocrats and landowning were losing their power and their wealth meanwhile the business class or middle class become up rising. There are many characters in the play which are Mrs.Liubov; the owner of the estate and the leading of the play. Although her family is aristocracy which mostly is wealthy but she is a kind of woman who does whatever she want to and follow her emotion, so that make her involve with a financial problem. Pishtchik; the neighbor who also is a landowner like Mrs.Liubov, anyway he is in debt as well. Gayev; older brother of Mrs.Liubov, he like to satirize other people and when he make a problem he corrects his shame by playing billiards. Varia; adopted daughter of Mrs.Liubov, aged 24, she manages the estate and she in love with Lopakhin; a business man or middle class, he is also a neighbor of Mrs.Liubov but he differ from Pishtchik because his ancestors were serfs on the Cherry Orchard. He has no knowledge even a penmanship that make him feel very ashamed. Ania; a youngest daughter of Mrs.Liubov, aged 17. She is an optimistic young girl and always happy, she in love with Thophimof; a s tudent and he also be a teacher of Mrs.Liubovs little son that drowned at seven years old. He is an idealist person and intelligent. Charlotta; a German governess of Ania. Dooniasha; a palourmaid in the house, she ...

The Feminist Pro-Woman Line

The Feminist Pro-Woman Line The Pro-Woman Line refers to the idea introduced by 1960s radical feminists that women should not be blamed for their own oppression. The Pro-Woman Line evolved out of consciousness-raising and became a significant part of the Womens Liberation movement. The Pro-Woman Argument The Pro-Woman Line sought to explain contradictory behavior. For example, feminists applied it to makeup and other beauty standards. The anti-woman argument was that women participate in their own oppression by wearing makeup, uncomfortable clothes, girdles, or high-heeled shoes. The Pro-Woman Line said that women are not at fault; they just do what they need to do in a world that creates impossible beauty standards. If women are treated better when they wear makeup, and are told they look sick when not wearing makeup, a woman who wears makeup to work does not create her own oppression. She is doing what society requires of her to succeed. During the 1968 Miss America Protest instigated by New York Radical Women, some protesters criticized the female contestants for participating in the pageant. According to the Pro-Woman Line, the contestants should not be criticized, but the society that put them in that situation should be criticized. However, the Pro-Woman Line also argues that women do resist negative portrayals and oppressive standards. In fact, the Womens Liberation Movement was a way to unite women in a struggle they were already fighting individually. The Pro-Woman Line in Feminist Theory Some radical feminist groups had disagreements about feminist theory. Redstockings, formed in 1969 by Shulamith Firestone and Ellen Willis, took the Pro-Woman stance that women must not be blamed for their oppression. Redstockings members asserted that women did not need to change themselves, but to change men. Other feminist groups criticized the Pro-Woman Line for being too simplistic and not leading to change. If womens behaviors were accepted as a necessary response to oppressive society, how would women ever change those behaviors? The Pro-Woman Line theory criticizes the prevailing myth that women are somehow lesser people than men, or that women are weaker and more emotional. Feminist critical thinker Carol Hanisch wrote that women are messed over, not messed up. Women have to make less-than-ideal choices to survive in an oppressive society. According to the Pro-Woman Line, it is not acceptable to criticize women for their survival strategies.

Marketing - Purchase Decision & Consumer Behaviour Assignment

Marketing - Purchase Decision & Consumer Behaviour - Assignment Example Issues which contributed to choosing the brand and buying the product I have been using this brand for a long time, and I seem to like it. I always buy yogurt which I take when I feel like eating something during the day. Date 21 July 2013 Items 1X Non-stick frying pan Cost $204.00 Seller Kleenmaid/ Compass Capital Partners Time spent on making the decision One month Effort put into decision making process Low involvement Substitute products or competing brands This decision was not made in light of the brand of the product. I only needed a non-stick pan for doing my frying. Issues which contributed to choosing the brand and buying the product I needed a non-stick frying pan, and a friend suggested this particular brand to me. Date 21 July 2013 Items 2X Temptin Chocolate biscuits Cost $24.00 Seller Dick Smith Foods Time spent on making the decision None/ Impulse buying Effort put into decision making process Low involvement Substitute products or competing brands There are a number o f both substitute products as well as a number of competing brands. These include the Tim Tam biscuit brand among others. Issues which contributed to choosing the brand and buying the product This was an impulse buying, which was not determined by any brand or utility considerations. I do not have any considerations for candy brands and buy any brand. Date 21 July 2013 Items A bottle of Aglianico red wine Cost $395.00 Seller Brown Brothers Milawa Vineyard Time spent on making the decision

Case Study, University's President Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

, University's President - Case Study Example Moreover, rather than providing access to a pension plan or a severance package immediately after the incident came to light or upon firing Dr. Jameson, the university instead dragged their collective feet and only seemed to withdraw such an offer after a broad outcry within and without of the university; further hurting the university’s credibility. 2. What do you think would have been the best way for legal authorities to have dealt with Jameson's behaviour? As was described in the case, the legal authorities that dealt with this particular case acted in the only reasonsable way that they could have. The evidence was gathered, individuals were interviewed, and after it was proven that the calls originated from the private office of Dr. Jameson official charges were announced. Many might counter that these charges were too lenient; however, the fact remains that even though these calls were reprehensible, Dr. Jameson did not in fact engage in any of the activities that he dis cussed. 3. Was it a wise decision to allow Dr Jameson to once again teach courses to (under)graduate students? Why (not)? It is the strong belief of this student that the decision to allow Dr Jameson to resign was entirely incongruous with the allowance that he remained tenured and on staff as a lecturer. If the offense that Dr Jameson was required to resign from was so severe that the university could not afford the backlash of retaining him as the university president it was therefore also so severe as to warrant that he be dismissed or forced to resign from any and all other positions with which he could represent the university; to include his teaching position. 4. Could Dr Jameson in your opinion be reappointed at some future time as a president of a university? To say categorically that Dr Jameson could not be reappointed at some time in the future is a broad and categorical statement to make; however, it is the belief of this student that to do so would be to minimize the inc ident that precipitated his fall in the first place. Although Dr Jameson may have many good factors associated with his work and the level of dedication, notoriety, and esteem that he brought to the university, the fact of the matter is that his actions have necessarily precluded any possibility that he should reasonably expect to return to the university and continue to play a part in its direction. 5. Discuss how students, faculty, victims, the wider community and the Board of Trustees probably feel about the fact that Dr Jameson is teaching again. With regards to the broad campus wide sentiment, there appears to be a state of astonishment on the part of both faculty and students with regards to the fact that Dr Jameson is allowed to be on campus and teaching no less. Moreover, such an action does little to bolster the feelings of those within the university that the board of trustees and others are capable of making informed and moral decisions not affected by

Organic vs. Inorganic Foods Essay Example for Free

Organic vs. Inorganic Foods Essay Introduction Our world today is infested and becoming way more dangerous with all these chemicals. In an effort to increase productivity and confine bigger market shares, the use of fertilizers, pesticides, food additives such as dyes and additives has become so common that artificial ingredients are now outnumbering natural ingredients on many food content labels, and it is the opinion of many experts that this forever increasing use of artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and chemical additives has a direct connection to the alarming rise in cancer rates and other health problems. (Aldrich, P.1) Organic foods are quickly becoming recognized as a reasonable alternative in this chemical loaded world. The focus on environmentally sound agricultural methods and prolonging agriculture is getting the attention of many who are now concerned about what theyre eating as well as the environment. Organic foods are what is happening. They are becoming a part of many traditional diets, and are viewed as an important and essential part of a healthy diet plan. They are also viewed as a reliable and safe alternative to the issues regarding conventionally grown, processed, and packaged foods. Many organic followers believe that once youve tasted organic foods you cant go back to typically grown foods the taste is unbelievable. People are now looking for good food with real nutrition and quality and theyre finding it in organic foods. The realization of a need for quality food supplies is awakening interest in other areas such as environmental stewardship. These concerns range from recycling your pop cans to selecting environmentally friendly household cleaning products. Learning organics provides many easy and interesting ideas that can help you do your part in preserving a healthy, prosperous environment for the people in your family. Body Eating organic foods is the key feature of the natural passion that is taking over the country. Once an interest, organically grown foods seemed to be a major part of the diet of most people. Now with the growing attention on healthy habits and programs that help prevent illness, organic foods are quickly becoming the vital ingredients of the diet in typical America. Organic foods are the fastest growing style in the food industry. In fact, the demand for organically grown foods has increased 20% over last year. Sales of organic produce, for example, are now a multi-billion dollar industry. (Fisher, P. 22) Shopping the Co op has for a long time been the best place to find organic foods. Now with increased consumer interest organic specialty supermarkets are popping up all over the nation. Major supermarkets are also stepping up to the demand, offering organic food departments and organic options in the produce sections of the store. The look of the co-op is expanding to reflect the needs of added customers, and many gourmet oriented offerings are quickly becoming a part of the every day offerings at the co op, which only helps to make food shopping an increasing interesting and fun experience. As far as costs are concerned, those consumers jumping on the organic bandwagon will pay more for organic foods, but they believe that the benefits far outweigh the 5% to 20% increase in cost. The trend in organic food is growing and as competition increases in order to address skyrocketing customer demand, prices will stabilize. Here are a few of the nutrients that were found in higher levels in the organic foods: OChromium is a micronutrient that is low in Western diets. Its deficiency is associated with the onset of adult diabetes and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Chromium was found to be higher in organic foods by an average of 78%. OSelenium is one of the antioxidant nutrients that protect us from damage by environmental chemicals. It is protective against cancers and heart disease. It was found to be an average of 390% higher in organic foods. OCalcium, needed for strong bones, averaged 63% higher in organics. OBoron, which has been shown to help prevent osteoporosis (along with calcium), averaged 70% more. OLithium, which is used to treat certain types of depression, was 188% higher. OMagnesium, which reduces mortality from heart attacks, keeps muscles from spasming, and eases the symptoms of PMS, averaged 138% more. OIn short, many of the minerals that I most often prescribe to my patients are found in much higher levels in organic foods. ORGANIC VS NON-ORGANIC Variations in Mineral Content in Vegetables. % of dry weightMilliequivalents per 100 gm dry weightTrace Elements parts per million dry matter Ash PhosCalMagnPotassSodBoronMangIronCoppCobalt SNAP BEANS Organic10. 450. 3640. 560. 099. 78. 67360227690. 26 Inorganic4. 040. 2215. 514. 829. 10. 01021030. 00 CABBAGE Organic10. 380. 3860. 043. 6148. 320. 4421394480. 15 Inorganic6. 120. 1817. 515. 653. 70. 872200. 40. 00 LETTUCE Organic24. 180. 4871. 019. 3176. 512. 237169516600. 19 Inorganic7. 010. 2216. 013. 153. 70. 061930. 00 TOMATOES Organic14. 200. 3523. 059. 2148. 36. 536681938530. 63 Inorganic6. 070. 164. 54. 558. 80. 051100. 00 SPINACH Organic28. 560. 5296. 0203. 9257. 069. 5881171584320. 25 Inorganic12. 380. 2747. 546. 984. 60. 8121190. 050. 20 Other studies have looked at vitamin levels of food plants treated with certain pesticides. They showed that application of some pesticides would significantly lower the vitamin levels in the plants they were applied to. This is different than the notion that plants raised with chemicals are low in nutrients because the soil is used up. This shows that chemicals actually reduce the amount of nutrients in plants after application. The nutrients most often affected are vitamin C, beta carotene, and the B vitamins. These nutrients are vitally necessary for the body to withstand the onslaught of chemical toxins. When they studied organic food for mineral levels, the researchers also looked for the amount of the heavy metals aluminum, cadmium, lead and mercury. Aluminum has been implicated for years in the development of Alzheimers disease. Its content in organic food averaged 40% less that in commercial foods. Lead toxicity, which has been in the new a lot lately, can adversely affect our childrens IQ. It averaged 29% lower in organic foods. Mercury, which can cause neurological damage, averaged 25% lower in organic foods. (Aldrich, P. 1) Besides the lower levels of heavy metals, there are the chemical residues themselves. The big question is whether or not the accumulation of pesticide residues in non-organic foods is a real health concern or not. Studies have never been able to conclusively show a direct correlation between residues in food and a decline of human health, but there are numerous problems in doing any such study. The first is that you would need a population of people who are free of chemical residues to compare to, and no one has been able to find a group. According to an constant EPA study of fat samples taken from surgeries and autopsies across the country, we are all loaded with chemical residues. Similar studies done on other countries all show the same results. (Baer, P. 1) The clearest studies that we have about pesticide residues and disease are those looking at breast cancer. In the last few years there have been a chain of studies, each building upon the other, looking at the level of ddt, dde, and pcb in women, They have shown that chemical residues in the serum and fat cells of women greatly increase the risk of breast cancer. Since breast cancer is a major killer of women in this country it is reasonable to say that avoidance of pesticide residues in food could save numerous lives and reduce our health care cost dramatically. After 50 years of Better Living through Chemistry scientists have finally shown that breast cancer is associated with pesticide residue, they have yet to prove that it causes numerous other maladies. I am not waiting for them to prove it before I change my eating habits. (Fisher, P. 12) As a clinician who sees numerous environmentally poisoned people with health problems, I am convinced of an association between chemicals and disease. The biggest source of exposure for many people is their workplace, then their homes, followed by air, food and water. Of these the easiest to control are our home environment and our diet. Eating organic food, drinking pure water, and watching our airborne chemical exposure can have profound effects on our health. My friend Steve, who has now gone through an extensive protocol to remove the pesticide residue from his body and had regained his health, will back me up on that. When he added up the costs of his illness in time off work and medical expenses, he found that eating organic food was much less expensive than eating non-organic foods. He is eating better foods now, and my organic garden continues to grow, along with my children. Conclusion The only real problem with organic grown foods is that they are more expensive, and this is because the growers of this produce experience more loss since they dont use pesticides on their crops. As for the health benefits just think, you wouldnt want to put any of these chemical pesticides straight into your body, but that is essentially what is happening when you consume these foods that have been sprayed with pesticides. Over a period of time these can cause harm, and this is why organic foods are so highly recommended for people trying becoming healthier. The organic industry has seen an explosion of growth in the past few years. In 1992, sales had already reached $1. 5 billion(Fisher, P. 16). Today the market is worth almost ten times that, and by 2009 its predicted the market will double again to be worth close to $32 billion. Consumer demand for natural, organic foods is booming and shows no signs of slowing down. Look for labels that say certified or authentic organic. Labels that say all natural or naturally grown are OK, but they are not the same as certified organic which demands the achievement of certain regulations. Producers and handlers must be certified by a USDA official certifying agent to sell, label, or represent their products as 100 percent organic or made with organic. References 1)Aldrich, Samuel R. Which System Can Meet the Food Needs in Todays World? Conventional V. Organic Farming. 09 Dec. 2006 . 2)Baer, Firman E. Firman E. Baer Report. Orgnanic Vs. Inorganic. Rutgers University. 12 Dec. 2006 . 3)Fisher, Helen S. Food Safety. Detroit: Gale Group, 2004. 1-29. 4)Lexile. Good Food? Good Food? Ethical Food. The Economist 9 Dec. 2006: 12. 5)Wal-Mart Charged with Selling Nonorganic Food as Organic. U. S. Newsire 14 Nov. 2006: 17-18. 6)Corbett, John R. The Biochemical Mode of Actions of Pesticides. New York: Academic P, 1974. 2-16. 7)Dunn-Georgiou, Elisha. Everything You Need to Know About Organic Foods. New York: Rosen Publications, 2002. 65-82. 8)Lipson, Elaine. The Organic Foods Sourcebook. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 2001. 15-42. 9)Rousseau, George S. Organic Form: TH Elife of an Idea.

Admiral Jarok as a Traitor :: Star Trek Traitor Essays Papers

In our recent viewing of the "The Defector", an episode in the saga of Star Trek: The Next Generation, we encountered a traitor. A traitor is one who has knowledge or power of information and betrays the cause, another, or trust; to commit an act of treason. Romulan Admiral Jarok is a traitor in the episode. Admiral Jarok is a traitor because he divulged top secret Romulan military information to the enemy; The Federation. Disclosure of restricted military information qualifies Admiral Jarok as a traitor. Admiral Jarok sought asylum from the Federation in exchange for confidential Romulan military information and he did not uphold his duties as an admiral. Treason and betrayal should be sufficient evidence to assume that a traitor is among us. Just as Admiral Jarok is a traitor among the Romulans. To begin with, Admiral Jarok is a traitor in that he sought asylum from the Federation in exchange for confidential military information. Captain Picard and his crew beam up a Romulan seeki ng asylum in to the Enterprise. This Romulan declares himself as, "Sub-lieutenant Setal, who claims to be a logistics clerk who has discovered a plot for a new Romaulan offensive" (Tong 1995). Clearly stated are the facts that Jarok has information to give the Federation on the enemy; the Romulans. Setal (A.K.A. Jarok) continues to state that the Romulans have constructed a base in the Neutral Zone on the Planet Nelvana III. He also states that, "there are twenty-one Warbirds in orbit around her, just waiting to make a first strike" (Tong 1995). He also suggest that the Federation strike first and that the Romulans have the same intentions and are just seeking the perfect moment. Admiral Jarok attempts to validate his convictions by speaking of the, "reports, fee receipts, and work orders for the construction of the military base" (Smith 1/30/96), he had seen. Jarok insist that the Federation make a move for future lives are at stake. One of the future lives that is reliant on the F ederation making an attack is that of Jarok's own daughter. In an attempt to move Captain Picard's emotions, Jarok tells Picard of his true motives to stop war; his daughter. Fleeing with military secrets Admiral Jarok claimed he had intentions of preventing war so that his young daughter might have a future. Captain Picard, weary of Jarok (Setal), demands proof of his convictions for he too believes that Jarok is a traitor.

Lalala

Summary of the story Weekend is a short feminists story depicting traditional middle-class family, consisting of the mother- Martha and the father of three- Martin, going for the weekend to their cottage near Stonehenge, where they will meet their friends. On Friday, Martha is preparing some things, food and complaining Nearly) about her life. Martin wants her to be perfect, as she says â€Å"he Likes women with small hips and big bosoms, that's Incredible. † She has a suspicion that her husband has an affair with his secretary, who looks exactly that way.Martin has a small sport car, but they take Marsh's car for the trip, since it is bigger, although it is the older one. Martha can ‘t drive, because her driving license was taken away for drunken driving. The whole Journey, Martin Is Joking about the car, but Martha takes It personally, whilst she has got the feeling, he Is ambiguously talking about her. Late at night, their friends- Colic and his girlfriend Katie, arri ve to visit them in their cottage. His previous wife, Janet with whom he has two children, was a nice woman and Martha liked her, however she was not so stunning like the new one.Martha prepares mushroom omelets In her night, sets the table, cleans everything after the late supper and goes to bed at 2 a. M. Katie sits and has a good time, without any intention to help her. The other day Martha sleeps longer than usually and has the consumptions, because everything in the kitchen stays exactly in the same place, where the consumers had left It. She should ‘t sleep so long. Glamorous Katie did not help with anything. Again. The rest of their friends, Harry and Beryl, come for the lunch. They bring fresh artichokes. Ill Martha Is preparing the artichoke soup, the top of the blender flies away and the kitchen is full of artichoke puree. Awkward Martha. Jenny starts her first period and Martha is impressed and cries. She is not her little child anymore, but a little woman. To sum u p the story, a woman must be always perfect. Great wife, mother, babysitter, awesome cook, successful careerist, best friend, psychologist, teacher, doctor, dishwasher, cleaner with bottomless sexual appetite. While exhaustion, influenza, migraine or other illnesses are mission impossible.And naturally, you would do it all in high heels, scented, with exquisite hair, flawless make- up and smile on your face. 2) Characteristics of the mall characters wants to be a perfect woman and tries to manage everything, what in her eyes woman should manage; however, her husband does not see that. She feels undervalued by him as long as he is criticizing her and looks back to the other women, young, childless, with big bosoms and little hips. She is also helping pretty much with house expenses, the thing, she's not very satisfied with, because a good husband of his good wife should manage that.Martin- husband of Martha; iconic example of a man who comes home, extremely exhausted after all day in work and awaiting the house to be clean, children calm and that his wife will be neat, scented, smiling and ready to make him a supper according to his wishes. He is not satisfied with his wife. She should be slimmer, nicer, make healthier meals, and use plenty of perfumes he keeps buying her. Jenny, Jasper, Colony- children of Martha and Martin. We don ‘t know much about them. Jenny dries off her hair with Katie ‘s Yves Saint Laurent towel and gets the erred for the first time at the end of the story. Jasper has hay fever.Katie- a glamorous, childless, scented chick in her middle thirties; kind of a â€Å"modern wife†, who came to the relationship with one bag of clothes, intelligence and free mind. Colic- boyfriend of Katie, he loves her very much and wants to marry her. He has two children from the previous marriage. Katie does not like his ex-wife Janet and their children; he can meet them Just once per month. He is a successful businessman. Harry and Beryl- friends of Martin and Martha; Beryl is a secretary and Harry is an artist. She falls asleep during the visit and Harry gets drunk and is going to drive. He has scar on his temple from the car accident.Mrs†¦ Hooded- came in twice a week to clean and Martha paid her from her wages 3) The story is described from Martha ‘s perspective. Would it be the same, if the narration would be done by Martin? No, definitely. It would not be the same. As far as l' m concerned, Martin perceives the whole situation completely differently than Mart does. He is looking onto problems and situations with a â€Å"man's eye†. He does not feel that Martha does too much around the house, children etc. He feels that she should cook better, have smaller hips and try to be fresher. 4) What are Martha ‘s main worries? Why does she obey Martin in everything?Why does she never object? She wants to be an amazing wife of her great husband that's why she obeys him. She feels that it is her dut y in the role of a woman, mother and wife to behave that way. She is afraid of losing of Martin and fail in all her roles. Martha cannot imagine her life without a husband – she does not realize she could live a different life, because this is what she knows. That is why she is trying to keep Martin at all costs although she is not happy with him. Martha is a prototype of housewife and Katie is her opposite. Martha has a husband, three children and her family is something sacred for her.But she works and keeps her own money that means, she can get by from her wages. Katie has different attitude to these things. She hates to be in the traditional position of a woman, like Martha is. Katie is divorced twice and doses t have children. From my point of view, she is that kind of woman, who needs husband to take care of her in general, mostly from the viewpoint of expenses. Although Katie appears as a confident woman, we also witness her insecurities – she realizes that Coli c is tied to Janet because they have children together and that her position might not be that stable. ) How is the story narrated? Are there long descriptions or dialogues? Why not? The story is narrated as Mart ‘s train of thought. Her mind is important. She is describing the situations from subjective point of view, not like the omniscient narrator. There are no long descriptions, nor dialogues, because they are not necessary (and Martha does not have time for them since she rushes from one task o another – so the narration reflects her state of mind); the reader understands from the situations the whole context. Anyway the direct speech is used for being more authentic.Her descriptions make the story more personal than the universal third person narrator or â€Å"the eye of the camera†. If any woman reads it, she finds herself in many similar situations and that is the aim, to personalize the story and give the percipient the space to make his point of view a bout the piece and given problem. 7) Look at Martin ‘s comments which are inserted in the brackets. What do they suggest? They suggest Martin's dissatisfaction or ironical view on Martha and her acts. They are not formulated as direct criticism, but are rather indirect.Though he might appear as a kind husband, Martha takes his remarks personally as a form of criticism and thus puts even more pressure on herself. 8) What is author's opinion on women like Martha? Who is responsible for their unhappiness- is it men or the women themselves? A woman should love her family and her husband, but should not obey him in the way like Martha did. She gave her win â€Å"Self† and life to her family, but doses ‘t get it back from them. She doses t feel intrinsic fulfillment, which she should feel, living this pattern of life.They are both responsible for their unhappiness – males and females. Because if Martha doses ‘t want to, she din ‘t have to behave this way. As long as, we are concerning on feminist fiction, then men are responsible for the woman's unhappiness 0. Weldon is critical not only to men, but to women as well. She points to the fact that they have power in their hands and they should be active in pursuing happiness. Martha, forever, only relies on her husband, not on herself so it is her own fault that she leads an unhappy life. ) Why does Martha cry at the end of the story? Because her only daughter is becoming a woman. From this important hoar stone in her and they will cause troubles to her woman being and gain control over her whole life, like Martin does to Martha. Martha realizes that her own daughter is now entering the period of womanhood with all its responsibilities. The ending also shows that Martha feels powerless and does not realize that her own daughter does not have to have the same life as she does.

The Monguls

What did the ancient Mongols do? The ancient Mongol empire controlled more land than any other empire and included a very wide range of cultures, peoples, and religions. Everyone knows the name of Chinggis Khan (Genghis Khan) and his reputation as a fierce warrior and brutal conqueror. What you may not know is that he was a very savvy politician. His political skill not only created this tremendous empire, but also saved his people from destruction. He established the system that preserved their lives and their way of life.He and his successors took the system he set up and used it to spread their influence far and wide. So, the Mongols owe Chinggis Khan a debt of gratitude for preserving their lives and culture. We modern Westerners also owe him and his people respect for connecting the inhabitants of Western Europe with Asia and all the many benefits of trade and interaction that brought to the world. The Mongols preserved order in the areas they conquered which made it possible fo r traders to travel safely. This was called Pax Mongolica and was very significant in fostering contact between Europe, China, and all the lands in between.The disintegration of the Pax or Peace is part of the reason that Europeans were motivated to seek out sea routes to China, since it was no longer safe to travel overland. So, in a sense, you can say that the Mongolians are responsible for Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the Americas! Another thing you may not know about Chinggis Khan: he was not as brutal as he has been depicted. He would usually send emissaries ahead to invite a group of people to ally with him or to give him whatever he was seeking. If they agreed, they were typically required to give a certain number of warriors and some goods to the Mongols.If they refused, his warriors would attack mercilessly. However, they typically left women and skilled artisans to continue productive work, rather than totally destroying an area. This is different from some la ter conquerors who would completely annihilate opponents and their territory. Why did the Mongols pursue such extensive conquests? This geography is an important part of the answer to the question: Why did the Mongolians invade their neighbours? To answer this question, we have to know something about how Mongolians lived in the 1200s.Because of their geography, Mongols were usually herders and nomads. Define nomad. Why would herding require nomadism? Mongolians had to be able to move frequently in order to find pasture for their animals, primarily sheep, so they needed mobile housing. They made (and still make) felt from wool and use this felt to make the tent-like rounded houses called ger, or yurts by the Russians. Ger can be set up and taken down quickly and packed to be moved. [4-minute video of contemporary Mongolian felt-making and setting up a ger: http://ragcha. om/mujaan/shorts. html Click on â€Å"Making felt†] Note the horse pulling the felt in order to compact an d flatten it. Facts about gers: http://www. chaingang. org/yurtquest/FAQ. html Many more pictures of gers: http://www. chaingang. org/yurtquest/pics. html You can see that nomadic life isn’t easy. For one thing, it requires cooperation which binds people together, since they depend on each other to help them sustain life. At the same time, this kind of climate and terrain will not provide enough food in any one area to support a large population.This encourages the development of small tribal groups, people who can depend on each other but who do not have too large a footprint on the environment, since they will survive best when they are not all together. If a herd gets too large, it will destroy the grassland and not be able to graze in one place. Also, this climate makes it difficult to accumulate a large enough surplus that you could afford to pay someone else for services. For one thing, you would need to move everything you owned. It was not possible to stockpile any su rplus, even if it were possible to accumulate some in a particularly good year.In the conditions of this harsh nomadic life, it was not possible to create a social class of artisans who would manufacture goods. People were needed for herding and moving. And although there was some very limited agriculture, it was not possible for Mongolians to rely on farming for foodstuffs either. What do you think are typical Mongolian foods? [Animal products predominate – meat, milk products. Berries and vegetation that grows wild or with very little cultivation play less of a role in the traditional diet. ] This video clip shows men working on the felt and the ger.Of course, it is set in contemporary time, not in ancient Mongolia. In ancient Mongolia raiding other tribes or settlements in neighboring areas was an important part of the economy. Of course, raiding isn’t part of Mongolian culture now, but it was back then. If military might, necessary both to raid and to protect your own tribe, were such an essential part of your society, how would it affect the culture? One thing that contributed to Mongolian military success was the fact that the men were always ready and available for war.In order for that to be true, women had to take on many of the jobs that men do in other societies. Along with greater responsibility, the woman also had more rights and privileges than was common in other East Asian societies at that time. For example, they had the right to own property and to divorce. They also were sometimes trained for and participated in the military. We can find many references to women of the Mongol elite in 13th century chronicles from different cultures, including Mongol, Chinese and European. Later on we will discuss some prominent Mongolian women leaders who were very important in China.Raiding wasn’t the only contact they had with settled agricultural society; they also had to trade in order to get many of the goods they needed. Two things happened in the early 1200s to make both nomadism and trading more difficult. One was that the temperature of the steppe declined a little, not enough to threaten human life directly, but enough to affect the fragile balance of the environment and reduce the length of time during the year that grass grew. With less grass, herders had to move. [Refer back to map, climate. ]The other singular development in Mongolia in the early 13th century was the rise of a man called Temujin. He introduced the momentous political innovation of uniting all the Mongolian tribes under his leadership. Previously they had been scattered into separate tribes, a logical political system since the ecosystem would not sustain a large group gathered together, and they had frequent warfare among themselves. But in 1206, after years of preparation, Temujin was named the Great Khan, or ruler over all the tribes at a meeting of tribal elders called a quriltay (koor-ill-tie) or a council.He claimed to have bless ed ancestry and took the name of Chinggis Khan or Ruler of the Universe. His line was established as supreme and having the inherent right to rule. This political development influenced societies in many different areas for hundreds of years. Chinggis Khan took control in a period of economic and political crisis for the Mongolians. Not only was climate change pushing them to move away from their usual areas in search of better pasture. In addition, the northern Chinese ruling dynasty had cut trade with the Mongols.The Chinese did not need Mongolian products – but the Mongols needed to obtain things from the Chinese. In this unequal relationship the Mongolians were vulnerable. Forced by climate to search for better pastures, cut off by their usual trade partners, Mongolians faced severe challenges to their lifestyles and even their lives. These were the conditions when Chinggis Khan took control over a mobile, dedicated and militarily adept population. The stage was set for t he Mongolians to sweep south, east and west throughout Asia and into Europe, conquering as they went.What were the effects of Mongolian control? Intermixing of many different tribes of people and their geographical displacement. When the Mongols conquered a settlement or tribe, particularly of the Turkish nomads who inhabited the steppe to their south and west, they set them up in a military command structure. Conquered men were turned into warriors. Families accompanied warriors, serving as support so that the men were always available for military service and were not required to stay home and work to care for their families’ basic needs.They also intermixed peoples from different areas in each command unit. That way there was less possibility of conquered peoples uniting to revolt. They were turned into mobile military units which would sometimes be left to settle a different conquered area. This had the effect of intermixing ethnic and tribal affiliations so that most of these peoples no longer retained their own distinct culture, but resulted in them adopting their designation as specific units of the Mongols, or hordes. This legacy is still seen in Kazakhstan today, where the Kazakh population is divided into Greater and Lesser Hordes.

The Major Laws of Chemistry

The Major Laws of Chemistry Navigating the world of chemistry is much easier once youve got an understanding of the fields basic laws. The most important ones briefly summarized below, describe the foundational concepts and principles of chemistry. Avogadros LawEqual volumes of gases under identical temperature and pressure conditions will contain equal numbers of particles (atoms, ions, molecules, electrons, etc.). Boyles LawAt a constant temperature, the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure to which the gas is subjected: PV k Charles LawAt a constant pressure, the volume of a confined gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature in Kelvin: V kT Combining VolumesRefer to Gay-Lussacs Law. Conservation of EnergyEnergy can be neither created nor destroyed; the energy of the universe is constant. This is the First Law of Thermodynamics. Conservation of MassMatter can be neither created nor destroyed, though it can be rearranged. Mass remains constant in an ordinary chemical change. This principle is also known as conservation of matter. Daltons LawThe pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. Definite CompositionA compound is composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a defined ratio by weight. Dulong–Petit  LawMost metals require 6.2 calories of heat in order to raise the temperature of one gram-atomic mass of metal by one degree Celsius. Faradays LawThe weight of any element liberated during electrolysis is proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through the cell and also to the equivalent weight of the element. First Law of ThermodynamicsThe total energy of the universe is constant and can be neither created nor destroyed. This law is also known as conservation of energy. Gay-Lussacs LawThe ratio between the combining volumes of gases and the product (if gaseous) can be expressed in small whole numbers. Grahams LawThe rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass. Henrys LawThe solubility of a gas (unless it is highly soluble) is directly proportional to the pressure applied to the gas. Ideal Gas LawThe state of an ideal gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature according to the equation: PV nRT where P is the absolute pressure, V is the volume of the vessel, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin. Multiple ProportionsWhen elements combine, they do so in the ratio of small whole numbers. The mass of one element combines with the  fixed mass of another element according to certain ratios. Periodic LawThe chemical properties of the elements vary periodically according to their atomic numbers. Second Law of ThermodynamicsEntropy increases over time. Another way of stating this law is to say that heat cannot flow, on its own, from an area of cold to an area of hot.

How to Identify and Grow Your Own Fringe Tree (Old Mans Beard)

How to Identify and Grow Your Own Fringe Tree (Old Mans Beard) Fringe Tree or Old Mans Beard is a beautiful, small tree when it is in full spring bloom. It can grow nearly anywhere in the continental United States and its white flower color kicks in just as the dogwood blooms are fading. The upright oval to rounded form of fringe tree adds dark green color in summer, bright white flowers in spring. The pure white, slightly fragrant flowers hang in long, spectacular panicles which appear to cover the tree with cotton for two weeks. Specifics Scientific name: Chionanthus virginicusPronunciation: kye-oh-NANTH-us ver-JIN-ih-kussCommon name(s): fringetree, old mans beardFamily: OleaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: 3 through 9Origin: native to North AmericaUses: container or above-ground planter; wide tree lawns; medium-sized tree lawns; recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; near a deck or patio; narrow tree lawns; specimen; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); residential street tree Special Characteristics Fringetree seedlings can vary in individual characteristics and are nearly impossible to propagate using cuttings. The small tree is cold hardy down to -30 F. Fringe tree makes a great woodland or understory naturalizing plant but can also prosper in full sun. In a word, it is a versatile plant. Horticulturist Quotes This tree looks stunning, almost ethereal when seen at peak bloom at night, illuminated by a full moon. And in the developed landscapes of your home, car headlights scanning around the edges of a driveway work just as well. - Guy Sternberg, Native Trees Fringe tree is an apt moniker for this delightful small flowering tree, whose white blossoms do resemble a fanciful white fringe suspended in the spring sunlight. - Rick Darke, The American Woodland Garden Leaves Leaf arrangement: Opposite/sub-opposite; whorledLeaf type: SimpleLeaf margin: EntireLeaf shape: Oblong; obovateLeaf venation: Pinnate; reticulateLeaf type and persistence: DeciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inches; 2 to 4 inchesLeaf color: GreenFall color: YellowFall characteristic: Not showy Trunk and Branches Bark is thin and easily damaged from mechanical impact; droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; routinely grown with, or trainable to be grown with, multiple trunks; not particularly showy; tree wants to grow with several trunks but can be trained to grow with a single trunk; no thorns. Pruning requirement: Needs little pruning to develop a strong structure.Breakage: ResistantCurrent year twig color: Brown; green; grayCurrent year twig thickness: Medium; thick Culture Light requirement: tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in the shade; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; occasionally wet; well-drainedDrought tolerance: moderate In Depth Dark green, glossy leaves emerge later in the spring than those of most plants, just as the flowers are at peak bloom. This differs from Chinese fringe tree which flowers at the terminal end of the spring growth flush. Female plants develop purple-blue fruits which are highly prized by many birds. Fall color is yellow in northern climates, but is an unnoticed brown in the south, with many leaves dropping to the ground a blackened green. The flowers can be forced into early bloom indoors. The plant eventually grows 20 to 30 feet tall in the woods, spreads to 15 feet, and tolerates city conditions well, but trees are more commonly seen 10 to 15 feet tall in landscapes where they are grown in the open. It forms as a multi-stemmed round ball if left unpruned but can be trained into a small tree with lower branches removed. Although reportedly difficult to transplant, the fringe tree can be successfully moved quite easily with proper care. It could be used beneath power lines where no pruning would be required. Fringetree looks best in a sunny spot sheltered from the wind. The foliage appears more attractive when grown with several hours of shade but the tree blooms best in full sun. It is probably best overall with some afternoon shade. A North American native commonly found in upland woods and stream banks throughout most of the South, fringe tree prefers moist, acidic soil and will gladly grow in even wet soils. It grows very slowly, usually 6 to 10 inches per year, but can grow a foot per year if given rich, moist soil and plenty of fertilizer. There is only one flush of growth each year.

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Essay

Racial and Socioeconomic Differences in Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Southern Women - Essay Example 9. The researchers agreed that the CV Risk Index created for this particular research work has not been tested elsewhere, so the scoring that were employed could not be reliably said to be representative of the risk of participants. 10. The Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of the research variables. For example, the percentage of African American women that has never smoked was greater than white women (60.7% vs 42.8%). Chi- square test was be used to test if this difference is statistically significant to make it a factor to consider in CVD 12. After breaking down each of the two main variables to be analyzed into four categories each, the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effect of each of these categories on the main variable 14. The research article did state that the data were collected by questionnaires mailed to participants and that the questions were based on those recommended by the NIH. However, nothing is said with respect to maintaining the confidentiality of the participants or otherwise.

Team Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Team Analysis Paper - Essay Example It was a new group and I think it was under a company’s program to hire university students during summer so that we will be enticed to join their company after graduation. There were only around three long time employees there and the rest were us, around 12 summer employees. Our team had a rough start. Mainly because we came from different background. There was an IT guy, an Accounting guy, african, asian, different university, etch.; basically the group is just very diverse that it was difficult to find a common ground for us to â€Å"break the ice† so to speak. We were dependent to Ahmed who graciously provided us the guidance and leadership we needed because the team were not talking to each other that much then. Our first project came and we were tasked to create a training module which will be recommended for approval. The first meeting was dreadful. Everybody was showing off that they are better than the next person. And I supposed that each of us felt slighted after that because each of our idea that was floated was countered, argued upon, no matter how sound it was. There was also a power struggle among us with most team members wanting to catch the attention of the manager as if they will be given a raise or promoted if they were able to do that. Ahmed, initially just let us do our thing and sensing that we are not going anywhere, took over and provided the direction. It was the only time that the team calmed down. Our succeding meetings are already calm albeit there are still subterfuge animosity among team members who do not like each other or felt better than the other. But as we go along, we were able to delineate expertise and identified whose idea mattered most depending on the subject matter. If its about networks, applications, then we refer it to our IT guy Mark. If it involves numbers, financial statements, our accounting guy Steve will take over. Our team’s animosity eventually subdued when we started going out on lunc hes together. Then the lunch meetings progressed to cafeshops and having fun through the weekend. There, we were able to know each member thoroughly and found that they are in fact interesting person. We spent hours and hours until early morning talking and did not even noticed it because we were so engrossed with our conversations. The team bonded and became really good friends. This new found friendship reflected in our work. Meetings which usually lasted for several hours due to arguments were cut short and we begin getting praises from our boss with the quality of our work. Also, we were enjoying ourselves at work that it was no longer a drag like our first two weeks. I believe that we were doing very well as a team because Ahmed, our manager had been getting praises from the upper management with our output. But sadly, we have to part ways. We already knew this from the first day we begun our work that once class has started, we have to go back to the university. The team membe rs were hugging each other as we bid our goodbye with some teary eyed and we cannot believe that we once hated each other during our first meetings. Analysing my experience with my previous team, I thought that the experience was only peculiar to us. But when I did research and stumbled on the work of Tuckman Model of team development, I found out that what happened to our

Reading Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Assessment - Assignment Example The current immigrants are different from the earlier immigrants in the sense that they form the source of terrorists and other ill intention arrivals with an objective of destroying the United States. John Amagoalik quote emphasizes relevance of Nunavut to original inhabitants of Australia and Greenland, Canada. Amagoalik argues that preserving Nunavut would assist Inuit and Aboriginals in protecting the erosion of their culture and history. Therefore, Nunavut existence remains symbolic of Aboriginals and Inuit historical reality. Gurston Dacks quote contradicts ideas advanced by Amagoalik. He argues that Nunavut have no particular value. Dacks, further states that Nunavut existence would only revoke postwar ideals rather than infer benefits to Austrian or Canadian community (Smith, 1971). Clash of civilization theory proposes that post-Cold War would result from peoples’ religious and cultural identities. Media arguments and research findings support clash of civilizations theory. Media reports on continued disagreements between Islam community and the Western countries relates to the theory. Contemporary media news reports that Islamic communities have decided to form militant movements that reject Western values and way of living. Unfolding religious and cultural events prompts for analysis to support clash of civilizations theory. Cultural and religious differences between Islam and Christian community require insightful analysis and professional views to ascertain clash of civilizations

Feature Driven Development Or Fdd Information Technology Essay

Feature Driven Development Or Fdd Information Technology Essay Feature driven development or FDD was further developed by Jeff De Luca to lead a software development project for a large bank in Singapore in the year 1997. The project needs to be done by 15 month and 50 employees were involved for completing the project. Another person that introduced features into the FDD development was Peter Coad. Peter Coad used object modeling and feature list as an approach to make the project meet the requirements and develop the tasks for completing the project. FDD emphasizes on starting a project by first having a detailed plan of conducting the overall process by including the main planning, object model and feature list at the starting point of the project. These items can evolved freely because each process does not affect greatly on each other. The project manager serves as the administrative leader for the project. He or she makes sure that the project operates systematically and ensures that all the participants are focused on the task. Chief Architect The chief architect holds the responsibility for designing the overall system. They also need to consider all the design issues and make critical decisions. Development Manager The role for the development manager is to handle the day to day activities in the progress of the project and ends the conflict between that happens within the team. Chief Programmer The chief programmer is usually an experienced developer. They are mainly involved in leading smaller teams for the analysis, design and development of new features. The chief programmer also needs to identify the characteristics of the feature team so that he can choose the right classes and owners that are appropriate. Sometimes the chief programmers will need to work together to solve problems such as resourcing issues and report on the progress of the team. Class Owners Class owners are responsible for the class that has been assigned to. They are under the guidance of the chief programmer. Their work responsibilities include designing, coding, testing and documenting. Domain Experts The domain experts have the probability of a user, client, a sponsor, a business analyst or a combination of the previously mentioned. The developers rely on the knowledge of the domain expert on the requirements of the undeveloped system should perform. The next other roles below are roles that does not dominate the important roles but rather acts as a supporting role and additional roles in the structure of FDD methodology. ? Domain Object Modeling The main motive of this practice is to make all the stakeholders voice out there ideas so that the project has a guideline or a road map to where it is going. The object model is a continuously updated process for rooms of correction. Developing By Feature This practice emphasize that the FDD development is done by completing each feature before moving to the next. This feature works by collecting the point of views from the client which will be evaluated and take into consideration. It can be expressed in the form of , and achieving equilibrium between these actions. This feature usually can be completed within hours or days and have a maximum 2 weeks for completing the task. Class (code) Ownership Each developer or class owner is responsible for his/her class, hence it is very important that the class owner knows what are the goals that need to be achieved and he or she must understand the characteristics and behavior of the class. This is in order that the class owner will be the first one to inform and update the class for any changes that needs to be implemented on the project so that the class can adapt much faster to the situation. There is the risk of losing a team member in the class which might be a danger to the project. Hence involvement from the class owner is very important in this practice to make sure he or she has control of the class. Feature Teams In a feature team, the owner of the feature or also known as the chief programmer works with the class owners as a team. The implementation of the feature should be done very quick and effectively. This practice also has the characteristic of flexibility when changes occur. The required class owner is just added to the feature team depending on the requirements. The feature teams are combined and then breaks up after the feature has been completed. Sometimes the feature teams works together with other feature teams and a time and an individual maybe working for a few feature teams at a time. The work of a feature team ends when their feature has been integrated to the product. Inspections This practice in FDD is to make sure that the quality and the design and code are up to standard. Besides that, there are 2 other main purpose for this practice which is to make sure the team members understands the other classes that are involved and the other purpose is to act as a forced function to maintain the consistency of the project ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s coding standards. Regular Build Schedule This practice is encouraged to be done often and continuously based on the need of the project. It should be a practice that is done at more than once in a week. When a new feature has been updated to the current system baseline, it can then be tested and then be documented after demonstration to the customers or the project sponsors. Configuration Management This practice in FDD is dependent on the size, scope and complexity of the project. There is no unique structure for the configuration management for the FDD development but the team must make sure that they manage their artifacts well. Reporting/Visibility of Results The FDD uses a project tracking methodology to prevent that the project is done half way before entering the next task. The feature list is referred to build the milestones that need to be achieved and some weighing factors of it. The FDD mile stones can be defined as follow: Domain walkthrough ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½complete; Design ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ready for inspection; Design inspection ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½and any rework and reinspection complete; Code ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ready for inspection; Code inspection ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½and any rework and reinspection complete; Promote to build ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½all feature code checked in and ready for the next build; The weight for each milestone uses a simple computation method. It is simply the time required for that feature to be completed divide by the overall time needed to complete the overall feature. For example, if the design walkthrough requires 5% of their time to complete, then the weight for the milestone is to be 0.05(5% divide by 100). For computing the project status, it is the total milestones that have been completed divide by the number of features. For example, the current completed milestones are 183 in weight and the features are 200. Then the completion of the project is: Project status =(sum of currently completed milestones)/(the total number feature in the product) ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100% = 183/200 ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100% = 91.5% Advantages and Disadvantages of the Feature Driven Development Advantages Disadvantages It is better defined and measured by its 8 practices rather then the process flow. Create efficiency of individuals at making changes to a class The lost of the individual will bring a negative effect on the feature team. Owns the dynamic and flexible characteristics at adding required owners to a feature team. Lack emphasis on the configuration management. Should be a more detailed structure. Inspections are emphasized to ensure quality of design and codings. Sets milestones and ensures that the feature is done before continuing the next. Discussions: The feature driven development requires the owner of each class is fully involved in the feature and take responsibility for his or her class. Motivation is instill to the owner to work efficiently. The overall assumption from the stakeholders is very important to develop the object model of the project. The features must be first identified to make the project flow more smoothly. The milestones make sure that the previous progress is done before moving on to the next. This step is smart to prevent continuous work an unfinished task. Conclusion: The feature driven development provides good flexibility when a feature needs to be developed. Class owners are able to combine and disband based on the needs when developing the feature makes this methodology a very dynamic characteristic.

Byzantine Empire :: essays research papers

After the Western Empire ‘fell’ in 476 CE, a new empire rose in its place. The new empire, the Byzantine Empire, was based on the cultures and traditions of the Western Empire, but also contained many distinctive features. The two empires were very similar since they existed in the same area and carried some of the same cultral roots. But the Byzantie Empire came into existence after the Roman Empire divided into two sections and the Western Roman Empire collapsed. One reason for the decline of the Western Roman Empire was that the move of the capital city to Constantinople in 330 C.E. Emperor Constantine moved the capital to a better location for trade and defense purposes. As the Byzantine Empire grew and prospered, it carried on traditions, culture and the way of life of the Western Roman Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In both the Byzantine and Western Roman Empire’s the complex and well thought out systems of government contributed to the success of the empires. Since the Roman system of government was devoloped 400 years before the Byzantine government, Byzantine officals borrowed some of the Roman Laws. These Roman laws were called the Justinian Code, which was a legal system that helped the Byzantine Empire survive for many years. This code, created by emperor Justinian, consisted of four main parts. The Code,5000 working laws, the Digest, explains why they exist, the Institues, text book for lawyers, and the Novellae, room for new laws. Another part of the government that both the Byzantine and thr Western Roman Empire had in common was a civil service. Augustus first established a civil service in the Roman Empire in 27 C.E. It was a system that pays workers who are skilled at their jobs to work for the government. This idea was carried to the Byzantine Empire where a bureacury, exactly like a civil service, was set up. Another major part of both empires was their strong and loyal army. The army was used for defending the vast empires as well as expanding it by conquering new teritories.

Decision Making Process Essay

It is never easy to make decisions in life, especially life changing decisions. The decision making process is a very difficult process that is used by everyone in one way or another. Some people may alter the decision making process in order to fit their own needs and their own personal circumstances, but there is a model that has been provided in order to show the basic steps. The decision making process model includes six different steps. The first step is to identify and diagnose the issue. After figuring out the issue, then one must figure out alternative solutions to the problem. Before making the choice, one would first evaluate the alternative solutions that have already been suggested. Making the decision is then followed by implementing the solution. Once the solution has been implemented for a little while, the solution must then be evaluated. Choosing a college to attend is one of the most difficult decisions that one could make. For most young people, the decision to attend college is the most important decision they have made thus far (Dolinsky, 2010, p. 62-776). There are costs for the courses, course materials, and other related expenses. There are also issues such as the times of the classes, the courses offered, and the length of time it will take to earn a degree. An individual would have to figure out if the college that they are looking in to is the right choice for them. When debating with myself to attend college, I had a lot to think about, as do others. First I had to figure out if I truly wanted to attend college. With a son, I needed to make sure I was making the right decision for the both of us. I figured out that going to a traditional college was not for me since I didn’t just have myself to worry about. I was already working full time and being a single mother. So it was a little difficult to even make the decision to further my education. I fought with myself long and hard about this situation and finally determined that going back to school was going to benefit my son more than hurt him, especially with me being a single mother. Studies show that more and more students are taking online classes anyway, so I figured it would be a good idea. I even found out that more than 3. 2 students have taken at least one online class, as of 2005 (More Students Are Learning Online, Report Says, P. 32). After I had decided to attend college, I needed to figure out which college or university would fit my needs the best. To find the right college of nearly 4,000 choices, you have to really know what you want, and then carefully weigh out what schools have to offer (Fitzgerald, N, p. 10). I had to do a lot of research into each university that I had available to me. As I previously stated, I could not attend a traditional college as I had little to no time to leave my house. I also needed to determine which university had the degree in which I wanted to obtain, which was my associates in accounting. Then I needed to figure out which university was more cost effective. I needed to ask questions like how much did they charge per credit hour? Were their materials included in with the price? What type of materials was required? There was so much information that I needed to obtain to set my heart on one university. I believe that my thought process in making my decision is a little bit similar to the one that was provided for us. I had to figure out the issue, in which was determining that I wanted to attend college. Then I needed to make a plan to figure out which college would be right for me. This step had a lot of different options. That’s when I needed to evaluate the different options and make my decision. I then chose the University of Phoenix. I gave my choice a chance and earned my associates degree. I evaluated my decision and decided to go back for my bachelor’s degree!

Pepsi’s Marketing Mix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 2 INTRODUCTION 2 MISSION STATEMENT 3 VISSION 3 ABOUT Pepsi 3 CORPORATE OVERVIEW AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 4 5C ANALYSIS 5 6P’S OF A BUSINESS 8 CREATIVE STRATEGY OF Pepsi 13 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 13 SWOT ANALYSIS 14 CONCLUSION 15 ABSTARCT The marketing plan is central to the business plan. Marketing research helps you define your product or service, the target market, and the competition. Pricing your product is an important step that must begin with an understanding of the total cost of the product or service. Markup percentage, gross margin percentage, production costs, non-production costs, and profit must all be considered when deciding price. Promotions and advertising should be planned for at least a year in advance, taking into account seasonal fluctuations, high and low sales times, competitors’ INTRODUCTION Pepsi is currently one of the most successful consumer product company in the world its annual revenue exceeding $30 billion and has more that 480,000employees. pepsi co. inc. as began as a successor to a company incorporated in the 1931known as loft inc. once known as Pepsi cola. , the company expanded its business and adopted its current name Pepsi co. after a merger with Frito-lay in 1965. the merger dramatically increased its market potential and set the foundation of company’s tremendous growth. Pepsi co. ’s products are recognized and are the most respected all around the globe. They operate main three devisions: beverages ,snack foods and restaurants. In each of these business the Pepsi co. as attained a leadership position as being the world leader in the soft drink bottling . The corporation increasing the success has been based on high standards of performance , marketing strategies, competitiveness, determination, commitment and the personal and professional integrity of their people, product and their business practices. Mission Pepsi is continuously striving for synergy between technology system and human resource to provide product and services to meet the quality, performance and price aspirants of customers. hile doing so it maintains the highest standard of ethics and social responsibilities, innovative product and processes and develop team that keep the momentum going to take the company to excellence in the new millennium. Vision PepsiCo's responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate – environment, social, economic – creating a better tomorrow than today. † Our vision is put into action through programs and a focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company. About Pepsi Pepsi-Cola North America is the refreshment beverage unit of PepsiCo, Inc. , in the United States and Canada. Its U. S. brands include Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Aquafina, Sierra Mist, IZZE, SoBe, Mug, Tropicana Twister Soda, Tropicana Juice Drinks, Dole and Ocean Spray single-serve juices. The company also makes and markets North America's best-selling ready-to-drink iced teas and coffees, respectively, via joint ventures with Lipton and Starbucks. From its humble beginnings over a century ago, Pepsi-Cola has grown to become one of the best-known, most-loved products throughout the world. Today, the company continues to innovate, creating new products, new flavors and new packages in varying shapes and sizes to meet the growing demand for convenience and healthier choices. Pepsi is constantly on the lookout for ways to ensure their consumers get the products they want, when they want them and where they want them. The Pepsi cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks. Corporate Overview and Financial Performance PepsiCo, Inc. is one of the most successful consumer products companies in the world, with 2000 revenues of over $20 billion and 125,000 employees. The company consists of: Frito-Lay Company, the largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chips; Pepsi-Cola Company, the second largest soft drink business and Tropicana Products, the largest marketer and producer of branded juice. PepsiCo brands are among the best known and most respected in the world and are available in about 190 countries and territories. In 2000, PepsiCo has a reported net sale of $20,348 and a comparable net sale of $20,144 in comparison to its 1999’s net sales of $20,367 and $18,666 respectively. PepsiCo has increased its comparable net sale of 8% in 2000 while it had an increase of 15% in 1999. This reflects the increasing rate is going slower. On the other hand, PepsiCo’s interest expense declines 39% showing that the company is significantly lower the average debt level. Back to 1999, the report shows that the company’s interest expense dropped 8%, which indicates that the company is performing well in managing its financial strategies. More details about the financial performance of the company will be discussed in the later part of this paper. Company PepsiCo's overall mission is to increase the value of shareholder's investment. They do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. They believe their commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to their consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to their investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity. In order to profitably satisfy customer needs, the firm first must understand its external and internal situation, including the customer, the market environment, and the firm's own capabilities. Furthermore, it needs to forecast trends in the dynamic environment in which it operates. A useful framework for performing a situation analysis is the 5 C Analysis. The 5C analysis is an environmental scan on five key areas especially applicable to marketing decisions. It covers the internal, the micro-environmental, and the macro-environmental situation. The 5 C analysis is an extension of the 3 C analysis (company, customers, and competitors), to which some marketers added the 4th C of collaborators. The further addition of a macro-environmental analysis (climate) results in a 5 C analysis, some aspects of which are outlined below. The Image of Pepsi co. in the global market is really very excellent. They use the new Technology and they have lots of years of experience in this market. Their ultimate Goals are to achieve highest share in the market. Collaborators The Pepsi co. has Distributors in whole world. Their distribution strategy is different than the others. Their distribution partners are Pepsi co. has suppliers and alliances all over the world. Which helps them to distribute their products to each of the market in each country. The distribution channel make the easy supply of goods. Customers Pepsi co. has potential customers to be a successful organization. The Market size and growth is fully based on the ultimate customers. Market segmentation of the product in whole world Geographic, Demographic, Behavioral and Psychographic. The company provides Benefits that consumer is seeking, tangible and intangible. The customer can give Motivation behind purchase; value drivers, benefits vs. osts. Frequency of purchase can give idea about how many customers repeat their product. Seasonal factors works for increasing the sales. It is a trend that how consumer needs and preferences change over time will affect the company. Competitors OVERALL MARKET SHARE COCA-COLA 43. 9% PEPSI COLA 30. 9% CADBURY SCHWEPPES 14. 5% BREAKDOWN OF MARKET SHARE COCA-COLA CLASSIC 20. 6% PEPSI COLA 14. 5% DIET COKE 8. 5% MOUNTAIN DEW 6. 3% SPRITE 6. 2% Pep si is situated in an environment that is ever changing and dynamic. Pepsi must be concerned of changing taste of the consumer and be able to respond to that need immediately or risk losing market share. They also need to be financially strong to keep up with a powerhouse like Coca-Cola and be able to strike back in the long running cola war. Pepsi must also be able to respond to different cultures in the international environment. Actual or potential competition is going on in the market. Direct or indirect: Pepsi have direct competitors like coke, thumps up, etc. Products: they all have same kind of product soft drinks. Strengths and weaknesses of competitorscan make easy success to the company to survive in he market. Climate The climate or macro-environmental factors are: Political & regulatory environment – governmental policies and regulations that affect the market share of the Pepsi. The price of the all soft drink has to at their cut through level because the Economic environment – business cycle, inflation rate, interest rates, and other macroeconomic issues. Day by day Pepsi makes new soft drinks as Social/Cultural environment society's trends and fashions make the different taste in the soft drinks. The advertisement strategy makes different sense. Technological environment – new knowledge that makes possible new ways of satisfying needs; the impact of technology on the demand for existing products. Build a solid foundation for your organization's marketing efforts Why balancing the 6 P's is crucial to success Keys to the successful marketing mix Knowing what's right for your organization The six P's of marketing are the updated version of the tried-and-true 4 P's. Understanding each of the 6 P's and how to use them can help your marketing results skyrocket. We'll cover each of the 6 P's: From this workshop, you'll get a solid understanding of the foundations of marketing strategy and how the pieces fit together. Whether you have a product or service, are profit-based or non-profit, the 6 P's can put you on the right track. Presidents, executive directors and managers responsible for marketing – anyone involved with creating the marketing vision for your organization. A solid understanding of the elements of marketing and how your organization can use the 6 P's to improve your marketing results. How to use the six basic elements of marketing Key factors for great strategies on pricing, product, target markets, promotions and more Secrets to creating the best marketing mix for your organization How to balance the 6 P's for your organization or company Identifying the right product, right people, right place and right promotion The 6 P's — The Building Blocks of Marketing features an interactive presentation and discussion, along with group exercises, to help you understand the power and the beauty of the perfect marketing mix. Marketing objectives To be most effective objective at any level should meet the following four criteria which Pepsi co. is in, The objectives are relevant to the high level of objectives. They are challenging but still sustainable. They are measurable. They are time specific. Pepsi marketing strategies Pepsi has the concentration segment, targeted the youth segment instead of trying to be something to all segment. pepsi achieve the international position as a drink for th new generation. Papsi has been successful in positioning itself for the younger generation. Promotion Pepsi has promoted it’s all product by every means of promotion. They have done Advertising through the electronic media TV, radio, and internet. The public relations and other promotion has done by the Pepsi. Promotional agreements they have signed with the retailers which include the pizza hut or KFC. Selling process: Pepsi has very well managed selling system. Different stock keeping units. And distributed to the distributer and they supply to the retailers. Pepsi soft drinks are produced in the very well managed selling system. For every rout there is a rout agent who cover maximum shops each day, so that regular supply of soft drink is made. The rout agent takes the order from the shopkeeper and move to the next. They have some agency in each rout. They supply in the areas where truck could not reach. These areas are called indirect routs. Product People satisfy their needs and wants with their product and services. A product is anything that can be offered to market to satisfy a need or a want. The concept of product is not limited to physical objects. To maintain its high quality and standards of its product the company has highly equipped lab for testing the quality of carbon dioxide and the level of sugar in the product. Pepsi is one of the most core products of the organization and the company puts in the lot of effort to retain its image through its highly professional team. The members of the organization work day and night making every possible effort to attain the organizational goals and achieve excellence. Price Pepsi has adopted market penetration pricing strategy at that time when it was introduced but now it is on the same level of its competitor coca cola. Providing quality products at the lowest rates had always been one of the main concern of Pepsi. The price of Pepsi is very copetitve with the highest quality. Place Place includes the company activitiesthat make product to the available to target customers. Pepsi is placed the market according to the extent of the target market located in the particular geographical area. Retail stores are placed all around the franchise areas in order to ensure the availability of the product. The distribution network also works according to the promotional campaign or the season. * P*ositioning The activity that communicate the merits of the product in order to persuade the target customers to buy it. Advertiserscan choose among as number of positioning approaches , depending on what the situation analysis revels about the strength of that product , the needs of their customers and action of their competitors. Following are the positions available to the advisors. Positioning by product differences. Against the particular competitor. Against entire product category. By association. By problem. In order to the Pepsi, depend on the market conditions, Positioning by product usage Positioning by association Positioning against particular competitor. Production Production and process: flexibility or fixed? Services: the sky is the limit Looking at the future for production activities, and opportunities for free publicity. Customer service may be the most important element in your total marketing strategy. Use, evaluate, and revise your marketing plan regularly. Creative strategy of Pepsi The creative strategy is the plan to defines three advertising efforts. The art direction The artistic design of the advertising. The production values. Various audio and visual components and stylistic touch make up the advertisement and the copy platform , a check list providing the background information that copywriter and art director need to craft the advertisement. Managing the advertising efforts by Planning, organizing, Implementing and controlling Distribution system The Pepsi co. has Indirect distribution system. The distribution of the product is done as under Manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumers. *SWOT *analysis Strength: The brand name is the highest strength of the organization, which is known s excellent. Managing the highest quality by using the latest equipment in order to produce best hygienic product. The easy availability in the market is the second strength. Highly skilled professionalize working. The company enjoys the brand loyalty which is plus point for the organization. The market share covered by the company is also a great strength. Weakness: The packaging of the product is sometime difficu lt for the product to maintain. Provide opportunities to the competitors by not covering rural areas in the different countries. The lack of Advertisement in rural area. Opportunities: The company has opportunities to develop their sales force in rural areas. Post mix operation can be expanded in order to make the product available at all times. New and innovative products have always been acted as opportunity to the organization. Threats: The biggest threat for the organization is itscompetitors. so Pepsi needs to develop the strategy keeping in mind for their reorganization. The government policies and changing requirement of the customers can effect the operations of the company. Conclusion Pepsi has 37% global market share operating in 190 countries. At every level of Pepsi co. Take great care to ensure that highest standards are met in everything they do. In their production, marketing , advertising and packaging they strives for excellence because they think their customers deserves better quality products. They promise to work towards improvements in all areas of their organization. They also follow the strict quality procedures during manufacturing and filling of their packages. Additional quality control measures helps to ensure the integrity of Pepsi products throughout the distribution process. References http://www. fixyourmarketing. com/workshops/sixp. htm http://www. missouribusiness. net/sbtdc/docs/marketing. pdf http://www. scribd. com/doc/15434619/Pepsi-Project Phillip Kotler (2004). Marketing management, 11th edition (page 590). Delhi: Pearson Education. http://www. pepsico. com/Company/Our-History. html http://newswiretoday. com/news/57876/ Mickey gill (2006). 1000 coke or Pepsi? : 1000 Coke or Pepsi questions to ask your friends? Longwood,FL